What process occurs when liquids transform into gases?

The process that occurs when liquids transform into gases is known as evaporation. This phenomenon takes place when molecules at the surface of the liquid gain enough energy to break free and enter the gaseous state. Evaporation can occur at any temperature, as it involves individual molecules gaining energy and escaping from the liquid into the air. This process explains why puddles can dry up on hot days, even when the temperature is below boiling point.

In contrast, condensation refers to the process where gases change back into liquids, typically when they cool and lose energy. Sublimation is the direct transition from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase, while diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Each of these other processes is distinct and serves different roles in the behavior of matter under various conditions.