In anatomical terms, what does 'proximal' refer to?

The term 'proximal' is used in anatomical terminology to describe a position relative to the trunk of the body. Specifically, it refers to structures that are closer to the trunk or the point of attachment of a limb to the axial skeleton. For example, in the case of the arm, the shoulder is proximal to the elbow, meaning it is situated nearer to the torso. This terminology is essential for accurately describing the locations of various parts of the body in relation to one another, aiding in clear communication among healthcare professionals and anatomists. Understanding this concept allows for a better grasp of human anatomy and is crucial for practices such as physical therapy, exercise science, and medical education.